Botanical Name: Santalum albums Common name: Sandalwood Read More
Botanical Name: |
Santalum albums |
Common name: |
Sandalwood |
Plant family: |
Santalaceae |
Genus: |
Santalum |
Appearance/Color: |
A medium, clear, pale yellow to golden liquid. |
Odor: |
Woody and earthy aroma |
Blends With: |
Black Pepper, Geranium, Bergamot, Rose, Myrrh, Bergamot, Vetiver and Ylang-Ylang. |
Origin: |
India |
Source: |
Wood |
Method of Extraction: |
Steam Distillation |
Sandalwood oil, distilled from the heart wood and roots of the sandalwood tree, is one of the most valuable essential oils, valued by perfumers for its woody notes, providing a deep rich base note to perfumes and acting as a natural fixative. In addition to acting as a feed stock to produce the essential oil, the wood is also valued for carving, and furniture making. Rising demand and very high prices for both wood and essential oil, a slow growing tree which takes 30 to 60 years to give a crop.
The term "wild" when applied to plants or plant species refers to those that grow spontaneously in self-maintaining populations in natural or semi-natural ecosystems and can exist independently of direct human action. Venkatramna Industries have selective wild varieties of species which are being conserved to obtain oil and this is one of them. These species are the wild species (Original of their genera), means they are not Genetically modified (GMO), Non-Hybrid and no artificial or desired characters were induced. Collectively we call them Wild Crafted Essential Oils.
Sandalwood oils come from a range of species, and while they all have similar uses, quality and characteristics vary between the oils of the different species. The key species used for distillation of essential oils are listed below, with East Indian Sandalwood oil and Australian Sandalwood oil dominating supplies to the market:
· East Indian Sandalwood oil (Santalum album). The most well-known and oldest traded type of sandalwood, in use for thousands of years. Cultivation centered in India (it is native to the highlands of southern India and the Malayan Archipelago) with the center of production in India in Mysore. Its natural distribution extends down to Indonesia (particularly Timor), and it has been introduced into Australia and plantations established in the tropical northwestern areas – an estimated 8,000 ha with annual additions of around 1,000 ha; more recently it has also been introduced into a number of the S Pacific Islands and plantations established (Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, New Caledonia);
· Australian Sandalwood oil (Santalum spicatum, syn. Eucarya spicata). (Also referred to as West Australian Sandalwood oil). Native to the desert-like areas of SW Australia, close to Perth. Substantial plantations have also now been established – around 15,000 ha with annual additions of 1-2,000 ha. A second sandalwood species, S. lanceolatum, is also found in Australia, principally in Queensland, NSW, and northwestern part of Western Australia, but is little used commercially.
· Santalum paniculatum. Only found in Hawaii. Around 7,000 ha reported to be under sustainable management. Commercial oil now coming onto the market.
· Santalum yasi. Found in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Traditionally included in mixed cropping agroforestry cultivation systems. The species hybridizes readily with S. album resulting in variable quality of oil depending on the source trees.
· Santalum austrocaledonicum. Found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.
Sandalwood is a tree which is widely cultivated for its fragrant essential oil. More than the pleasing scent it gives, sandalwood oil is also said to bring benefits not just to our body but to our general well-being as well.
Sandalwood oil is one of the most important essential oils in the world. It offers multiple uses including perfumes and cologne, medicine, soaps, skin care products, and incense. Sandalwood oil is also popular in aromatherapy where it is reputed to bring relaxation and alertness in the mind.
Essence of Sandalwood Essential oil
The oil has great application in perfumery and cosmetics. The oil is also used in making agarbatti’s for incense. No other wood is most closely tied to religion and spirituality than sandalwood. Apart from its spiritual and historical significance, sandalwood is also known for its extreme usefulness. Whether you use it for aromatherapy, for perfumery, for skin care, for treating illnesses or for incense.
COMMON USAGE
· Cosmetics
· Perfumery
· Soap Industry
· Incense (Agarbatti’s)
· Sedative
· Antiseptic
Ingredients:
S. No |
Key Constituents |
Strength (%) |
1 |
(Z)-a-santalol |
46.2-48.7 |
2 |
(Z)-b-santalol |
20.5-29.0 |
3 |
(Z)-nuciferol |
1.1-5.5 |
4 |
Epi-b-santalol |
4.1-4.3 |
5 |
(Z)-a-trans-bergamotol |
<3.9 |
6 |
a-santalal |
0.5-2.9 |
7 |
b-santalal |
0.6-1.9 |
8 |
(Z)-lanceol |
1.5-1.7 |
9 |
(E)-b-santalol |
1.5-1.6 |
10 |
b-santalene |
0.6-1.4 |
11 |
spirosantalol |
<1.2 |
12 |
a-santalene |
0.8-1.1 |
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Safety Summary
· Hazards: Not Known
· Contraindications: Not Known
· Maximum Dermal Use: 2%
Organ Specific Effects
· Acute toxicity: No Data Available
· Skin corrosion/irritation: May be irritating to skin.
· Serious eye damage/irritation: No Data available.
· Germ cell mutagenicity: Not specified
· Carcinogenicity: No Data Available.
· Reproductive toxicity: Not specified
· STOT-single exposure: Not specified
· STOT-related exposure: Not specified
· Aspiration hazard: Not specified
· Information on the likely routes of exposure: Skin/scalp contact.
· Symptoms related to the physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics: None known.
· Irritation of the eye if exposed: Redness of the skin if irritated.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
· Toxicity
o Acute fish toxicity: LC50 / 96 HOUR – No data available
o Toxicity to aquatic plants – No data available
o Toxicity to microorganisms – No data available
o Toxicity threshold – No data available
· Persistence and degradability: Biodegradation is expected
· Bio-accumulative potential: Bioaccumulation is unlikely
· Mobility in soil: Unknown
Avoid exposure to marine environments and waterways