EU_Declaration91630.pdf
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Botanical Name : Syzgium aromaticum L. Common name: Kana Read More
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Botanical Name : |
Syzgium aromaticum L. |
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Common name: |
Kanafuru, |
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Plant family: |
Myrtaceae |
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Genus: |
Syzgium |
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Appearance/Color: |
A clear pale yellow to yellow liquid of medium consistency. |
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Odor: |
A middle note of medium aroma, Clove Bud Essential Oil smells like the actual spice. |
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Blends With: |
Blends well with other spice oils including Cinnamon Bar, Nutmeg, Citronella, Grapefruit, Lemon, Orange, Peppermint, Rosemary and Rose. |
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Origin: |
India |
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Source: |
Dried Flower Buds |
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Method of Extraction |
Steam Distillation |
One of the earliest known spices in trade, the dried, aromatic flower buds produced by this medium-sized tree are familiar to many of us as a common kitchen spice.
Clove contains several volatile oils, the most significant of which is eugenol that comprises up to 90% of the total oil produced. Eugenol has numerous medical and commercial applications and continues to be extracted primarily from clove buds, though it can also be extracted from the leaves of the clove tree and from some other plants, such as allspice (Pimenta dioica), in smaller quantities.
Clove was originally found only on the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, but in the 17th century fierce competition between warring European nations that sought control of the spice trade eventually led to clove trees being transported all over the world for cultivation.
The historical importance of clove in international trade means it is now grown in numerous locations throughout the tropics including Indonesia, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and parts of the Caribbean. More recently, clove production has begun in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Clove grows best on tropical mountain slopes at lower elevations as part of a mixed forest. Many of the islands to which they are native are volcanic.
Clove is most famous for its use as a spice and has been valued for centuries for the unique flavor and preservative qualities it can impart to food. In Europe, whole cloves are commonly pressed into red meats before cooking and are also included in many seasonal dishes, such as mulled wine at Christmas. Clove is an important ingredient in many spice mixes, including most garam masala and Chinese five-spice mixes.
Clove Oil in Pharma
Although best known in Asian medical systems such as Ayurveda, clove has numerous applications in traditional and modern medicine with a broad range of different therapeutic effects having been reported. Its confirmed antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties have made it popular for treating a variety of different infections, for example as a gargle for sore throats or for cleaning minor wounds. It is also commonly used for digestive complaints because of its antispasmodic action, and some studies report that clove can reduce the likelihood of gastric ulcer formation. Modern research interest into the uses and efficacy of clove is high, with numerous studies investigating it for anti-carcinogenic, chemoprotective and other properties. Some studies have also shown that clove can work synergistically with other medicinal plants to fight bacterial infection more effectively.
Essence of Clove Oil
Clove oil is an ingredient in several popular perfumes and the source of raw materials used for manufacturing fragrances and flavorings. Oils are often extracted from the leaves of the tree as well as the flower buds for fragrance manufacturing purposes. Clove was also formerly used to synthesize vanillin - artificial vanilla flavoring. It is an main ingredient of Indian spices.
Clove is well known as a traditional home remedy for mild toothache and inflammation of the mouth because of its analgesic and antiseptic effects. It has also been traditionally used to treat bad breath and tooth decay and has a long history of use in dentistry. Eugenol, the primary constituent extracted from clove, is still used in several dental products and processes today.
COMMON USAGE
· Prevents dental problems
· Rejuvenates skin
· Improves immunity
· Reduces anxiety and stress
· Cures respiratory ailments
· Lowers headache
· Eliminates earaches
· Aids in digestion
· Cures nausea
· Stimulates blood circulation
· Acts as blood purifier
· Prevents premature ejaculation
· Controls sugar level
· Cures cholera
· Works as cancer preventive agent
Ingredients:
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S.No |
Key Constituents |
Strength (%) |
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1 |
Eugenyl acetate |
0.6-10.7 |
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2 |
Eugenol |
73.0-96.7 |
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3 |
b-caryophyllene |
0.6-12.4 |
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4 |
Isoeugenol |
0.1 -0.2 |
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5 |
a-caryophyllene |
0.4-1.4 |
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6 |
Methyl-eugenol |
0-0.2 |
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Safety Summary
· Hazardous: Drug interaction; may contain methyl-eugenol; may inhibit blood clotting; embryotoxicity; skin sensitization (moderate risk); mucous membrane irritation (moderate risk). Cautions (oral): May interact with pethidine, MAOIs or SSRIs. Anticoagulant medication, major surgery, peptic ulcer, hemophilia, other bleeding disorders.
· Contraindications: Hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin, children under 2 years of age. Maximum dermal use level.
Maximum dermal use level (based on methyl-eugenol content)
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EU |
0.1% |
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IFRA |
0.2% |
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Tisserand and young |
10% |
Maximum dermal use level (based on eugenol content)
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EU NO |
Legal limit |
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IFRA |
0.4% |
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Tisserand and young |
0.4% |
Organ Specific Effects
· Adverse Skin Reactions: skin sensitizing potency, clove leaf oil was a weak sensitizer, with a similar potency to eugenol.
· Cardiovascular effects: Eugenol is a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation, an essential step in the blood clotting cascade.
Systemic Effects
· Acute Toxicity
o Oral route: DL50 = 2650 mg/kg
o Dermal route: DL50 > 5000 mg/kg
· Respiratory sensitization: Not applicable under normal use.
· Germ cell mutagenicity: Cause for concern owing to the possibility that it may induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans.
· Carcinogenicity: IARH: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. ACGIH: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
· NTP: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
· OSHA: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
· Reproductive toxicity: Not specified
· STOT-single exposure: Not specified
· STOT-related exposure: Not specified
· Aspiration hazard: Not specified
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
· Toxicity
Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. The product must not be allowed to run into drains or waterways.
· Substances classified as category 1 Acute toxicity
· Persistence and degradability: Biodegradation is expected
· Bio-accumulative potential Bioaccumulation is unlikely
Mobility in soil Unknown
