Fennel CO2 Oil

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Product Details

Botanical Name:	Foeniculum vulgare
Common name:	Moti saunf, Saunf, Fennel, Sweet fennel, Florence fennel, Finocchio
Plant family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Foeniculum
Appearance/Color:	A thin, clear to pale yellow liquid.
Odor:	A top note with a medium aroma, Fennel Sweet Essential Oil has a similar to that of black licorice.
Blends With:	Bergamot, Lavender, Frankincense and Rose.
Origin:	Spain
Source:	Seed
Method of Extraction:	Supercritical CO₂ Extraction

Supercritical CO₂ extraction is an efficient separation method, to separate active ingredients from plant material. Supercritical solvent extraction is one of the gentlest, most flexible, dynamic and nature friendly techniques used for the extraction of spices, herbs and flowers using food grade CO₂. These are the products extracted at ambient temperatures and at high pressures to avoid loss of aroma and degradation of actives. Apart from being solvent residue free, supercritical fluid extraction is a green process, highly rated for its eco-friendliness. The low viscosity and high diffusivity of supercritical fluid enhances the penetrating power based on the high mass transfer of solutes into the fluid.

Supercritical extraction using CO₂ is considered organic compatible and widely used in the manufacturing of organic certified products. Kancor, with its global sourcing capabilities, more than two decades of expertise in CO₂ extraction and wide range of products, offers an edge over others in this world of discerning tastes. Supercritical CO₂ extraction is known for producing a high-quality product primarily because the CO₂ gas can reach its supercritical point at pressures and temperatures that don’t damage the cannabinoids and terpenes being harvested.

Foeniculum vulgare, called common fennel, is an upright, branching perennial that is typically grown in vegetable and herb gardens for its anise-flavored foliage and seeds, both of which are commonly harvested for use in cooking. It somewhat resembles a very large dill plant. It grows to 3-5’ (less frequently to 6’) tall and features feathery, compound, aromatic, yellow-green leaves with needle-like segments and tiny yellow flowers in large, flattened, compound umbels. Flowers bloom in mid- to late summer, and are followed by aromatic seeds. Plants have escaped gardens and naturalized in many parts of North America. Flowers are very attractive to butterflies. Fennel is a larval plant for certain swallowtail butterflies.

Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) commonly known as fennel is a well-known and important medicinal and aromatic plant widely used as carminative, digestive, lactogogue and diuretic and in treating respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. Its seeds are used as flavorings in baked goods, meat and fish dishes, ice cream, alcoholic beverages and herb mixtures.

Fennel Bitter Essential Oil in Pharma

Fennel has been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases for thousands of years in the East Asian countries, India and China. People have long been familiar with fennel plant. In the middle ages people believed that chewing the seeds is important to eliminate abdomen noise. In the fifth century it was believed that fennel had sedative effect and in 9th to 14th centuries numerous therapeutic properties were attributed to it. The Romans believed that fennel seed could help supercharge the vision. The English believed that the plant could offer relief from bloating stomach and facilitate digestion. The fennel therapeutic use has been serious since the 18th century, and many studies have been taken. Nowadays, the different parts of the plant are used in treatment of many diseases, particularly pain in the digestive system. Also, it is very useful in the treatment of diabetes, bronchitis, chronic cough and kidney stones

Essence of Fennel Bitter Essential Oil

It is a highly aromatic and flavorful herb with culinary and medicinal uses. Fennel seeds are anise like in aroma and are used as flavorings in baked goods, meat and fish dishes, ice cream, alcoholic beverages and herb mixtures. The bulb, foliage and seeds of the fennel plant are widely used in many of the culinary traditions of the world. Dried fennel seed is an aromatic, anise-flavored spice, brown or green in color when fresh, slowly turning a dull grey as the seed ages. For cooking green seeds are the best. The bulb is a crisp, hardy root vegetable and may be sautéed, stewed, braised, grilled or eaten raw. Fennel features predominantly in Mediterranean cuisine, where bulbs and fronds are used, both raw and cooked, in side dishes, salads, pastas, vegetable dishes. Many cultures in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East use fennel seeds in their cooking. Fennel is one of the most important spices in Kashmiri Pandit and Gujarati cooking.

COMMON USAGE

· Antioxidants

· Cancer

· Neurological diseases

· Cholesterol absorption

· Oil compounds

· Red blood cells

· Growth and development

· Heart rate and blood pressure

· Fennel seeds reduce asthma symptoms

· Improve eyesight

· Antibacterial and Antifungal

· Anti-inflammatory

Ingredients:

S. No	Key Constituents	Strength (%)
1	(E)-anethole	52.5-84.3
2	Fenchone	4.0-24.0
3	a-pinene tr	10.4
4	(p)-limonene	0.5-9.4
5	estragole	2.8-6.5
6	a-phellandrene	0.3-1.2
7	(z)-anthole tr	0.2

TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Safety Summary

· Hazards Drug interaction; reproductive hormone modulation; potentially carcinogenic, based on estragole content; may inhibit blood clotting; skin sensitization if oxidized.

· Contraindications (all routes): Pregnancy, breastfeeding, endometriosis, estrogen-dependent cancers, children under five years of age.

· Cautions (oral): Diabetes medication, anticoagulant medication, major surgery, peptic ulcer, hemophilia, other bleeding disorders.

· Maximum adult daily oral dose 54 mg

Organ-specific effects

· Adverse skin reactions: Undiluted bitter fennel oil was nonphototoxic in hairless mice and swine. The undiluted oil was irritating to rabbits, but was not irritating to mice or pigs; tested at 4% on two panels of 25 volunteers it was not irritating

· Cardiovascular effects: (E)-anethole inhibits platelet aggregation an essential step in the blood clotting cascade. Sweet fennel oil reduced blood glucose levels in both normal and alloxan-diabetic rats following sc injection at 21.5 mg/kg.

· Hepatotoxicity: (E)-Anethole has a dose-dependent hepatotoxicity which is due to a metabolite, anethole 10,20-epoxide (AE) and different amounts of AE are produced in different species. High doses of (E)-anethole or AE deplete glutathione but sweet fennel oil, which has a very similar composition to bitter fennel, significantly induced glutathione S-transferase activity in mouse tissues. The amounts of (E)-anethole-rich essential oils used in aromatherapy pose no risk to humans.

Systemic effects

· Acute toxicity: Bitter fennel acute oral LD50 in rats 4.52 mL/kg; acute dermal LD50 in rabbits >5 g/kg.

· Carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic potential: No information found for bitter fennel oil. Estragole is a rodent carcinogen

· Serious eye damage / irritation: Not classified.

· Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Not classified.

· Carcinogenicity: Not classified.

· Reproductive toxicity: Not classified.

· STOT-single exposure: Not classified.

· STOT-repeated exposure: Not classified.

· Aspiration hazard: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

· Photo-toxicity: No additional data available.

ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION