Botanical Name: Citrus Aurantium L Common name: Bitter Orange, Sour Orange Read More
Botanical Name: |
Citrus
Aurantium L |
Common name: |
Bitter
Orange, Sour Orange |
Plant
family: |
Rutaceae |
Genus: |
Citrus |
Appearance/Color: |
A pale yellow liquid with thin and clear consistency |
Odor: |
A
middle note with a medium aroma, it has dry top notes. |
Blends With: |
Benzoin, Geranium, Lavender, Jasmine, Ylang-Ylang, Rosemary, and
Sandal Wood. |
Origin: |
Egypt |
Source: |
Flowers |
Method
of Extraction: |
Supercritical
CO2 Extraction |
Supercritical
CO2 extraction is an efficient separation method, to separate active
ingredients from plant material. Supercritical solvent extraction is one of the
gentlest, most flexible, dynamic and nature friendly techniques used for the
extraction of spices, herbs and flowers using food grade CO2. These
are the products extracted at ambient temperatures and at high pressures to
avoid loss of aroma and degradation of actives. Apart from being solvent
residue free, supercritical fluid extraction is a green process, highly rated
for its eco-friendliness. The low viscosity and high diffusivity of
supercritical fluid enhances the penetrating power based on the high mass
transfer of solutes into the fluid.
Supercritical
extraction using CO2 is considered organic compatible and widely
used in the manufacturing of organic certified products. Kancor, with its
global sourcing capabilities, more than two decades of expertise in CO2
extraction and wide range of products, offers an edge over others in this world
of discerning tastes. Supercritical CO2 extraction is known for
producing a high-quality product primarily because the CO2 gas can
reach its supercritical point at pressures and temperatures that don’t damage
the cannabinoids and terpenes being harvested.
Citrus aurantium refers to
the bitter orange fruit. The juice, peel, and pulp can be taken orally. They
have been used to ease anxiety, digestion, and sleeplessness. Citrus
aurantium has also been used to promote weight loss. It can be applied to
the skin or diffused as an oil. Citrus aurantium can also be made into a
tea or taken as a pill, powder, or extract.
It is a valuable medicinal herb,
the orange originated in China and by the middle Ages was a favorite with
Arabian physicians. In the 16th century, an Italian princess named Anna-Marie
de Nerola reputedly discovered oil extracted from the flowers, which she used
to scent her gloves; today neroli oil, as it became known, It is prohibitively
expensive. The Chinese remain the greatest enthusiasts of medicinal oranges:
the bitter Seville orange (C. aurantium) and sweeter tangerines and
satsumas (Citrus reticulata) that are mainly used
The chemical composition of C.
aurantium is responsible for health-promoting effects. The chemical
composition includes vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids.
Among the diverse chemical components in C. aurantium, flavonoids
belonging to phenolics have been recognized as important due to their
physiological and pharmacological role and their health benefits.
Neroli Essential Oil in Pharma
C. aurantium is also
used for the treatment of several ailments such as anxiety, lung and prostate
cancers, and gastrointestinal disorders and obesity. Due to the prohibition
of Ephedra sinica Stapf. in Farw.-containing weight loss products in
the market, C. aurantium has found an important place as a
preferable agent to replace ephedra, as it contains p-synephrine, a
phenylethanolamine type alkaloid, which is chemically similar to adrenergic
agents, as appetite suppressants.
C. aurantium
possesses multiple therapeutic potentials. These biological credentials include
anticancer, antianxiety, antiobesity, antibacterial, antioxidant, pesticidal,
and antidiabetic activities. The essential oil of C. aurantium was
reported to display marked pharmacological effects and great variation in
chemical composition depending on growing locations but mostly contained
limonene, linalool, and ?-myrcene. Phytochemically, C. aurantium is
rich in p-synephrine, an alkaloid, and many health-giving secondary
metabolites such as flavonoids.
Essence of Neroli Essential oil
C. aurantium is
usually utilized as a flavoring and acidifying agent for food. Besides the
essential oil and its components, the fruits of C. aurantium are
sources of flavonoid-type compounds with diverse biological effects.
Additionally, it was reported that flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the
plant and the biogenic amine and flavanone contents have been determined
[8, 9]. Due to the abundance of health-giving secondary metabolites, C.
aurantium is also used for the treatment of several ailments
This
Essential oil is excellent at soothing agitated nerves and is especially
effective at relieving feelings of grief and despair. Plus, you can reduce your
blood pressure and cortisol levels just by smelling this wondrous oil.
COMMON
USAGE
·
Relieves
Chronic Depression
·
Prevents
Infection
·
Kills
Bacteria
·
Keeps
you Warm
·
Carminative
·
Skin
Care
·
Cytophylactic
·
Cures
Infection
·
Handles
Spasms
·
Sedative
Effect
·
Acts
as Tonic
·
Deodorant
·
Moisturizes
the Skin
·
Aphrodisiac
Ingredients:
S.No |
Key Constituents |
Strength (%) |
1 |
Linalool |
43.7–54.3 |
2 |
(þ)-Limonene |
6.0–10.2 |
3 |
Linalyl acetate |
3.5–8.6 |
4 |
(E)-b-Ocimene |
4.6–5.8 |
5 |
a-Terpineol |
3.9–5.8 |
6 |
b-Pinene |
3.5–5.3 |
7 |
Geranyl acetate |
3.4–4.1 |
8 |
(E)-Nerolidol |
1.3–4.0 |
9 |
Geraniol |
2.8–3.6 |
10 |
(E,E)-Farnesol |
1.6–3.2 |
11 |
Neryl acetate |
1.7–2.1 |
12 |
b-Myrcene |
1.4–2.1 |
13 |
Sabinene |
0.4–1.6 |
14 |
Nerol |
1.1–1.3 |
15 |
(Z)-b-Ocimene |
0.7–1.0 |
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Safety Summary
·
Hazards:
Not known
·
Cautions: Not
known
Organ
Specific Effects
·
Adverse skin reaction: Undiluted neroli oil was not irritating to
rabbit, pig or mouse skin; tested at 4% on 25 volunteers it was neither
irritating nor sensitizing. It is non-phototoxic. In a multicenter study,
Germany’s IVDK reported that 49 of 6,220 dermatitis patients suspected of
fragrance allergy (0.79%) tested positive to 2% neroli oil. Only nine patients
had þþ or þþþ reactions. Two cases of alleged ACD to neroli oil have been
reported, but in neither case was clinical relevance established, and patch
testing only elicitedþreactions. Oxidation products of linalool may be skin
sensitizing.
·
Reproductive toxicity: The low reproductive toxicity of linalool,
(þ)-limonene and b-pinene, suggests that neroli oil is not hazardous in
pregnancy.
Systemic Effects
·
Acute
Toxicity: Neroli oil
acute oral LD50 in rats 4.55 g/kg; acute dermal LD50 in rabbits >5 g/kg.
·
Carcinogenic/anti carcinogenic potential: No information was found for neroli oil, but
it contains no known carcinogens. (þ)-Limonene, nerolidol and geraniol display
anti carcinogenic activity.
·
Skin corrosion/irritation: May be
irritating to skin.
·
Serious eye damage/irritation: May be
irritating to eyes. Prompt rinsing and removal of the substance will avoid
damage.
·
Respiratory sensitization: Breathing high
concentrations of vapor may cause anesthetic effects.
ECOLOGICAL
INFORMATION
Toxicity
·
Acute fish toxicity: LC50 / 96 HOUR – No
data available
·
Toxicity to aquatic plants – No data
available
·
Toxicity to microorganisms – No data
available
·
Toxicity threshold – No data available
·
Persistence and degradability:
Biodegradation is expected
·
Bio-accumulative potential:
Bioaccumulation is unlikely
·
Mobility in soil: Unknown
Avoid exposure to marine environments and waterways