Botanical Name: Citrus Aurantium L Common name: Bitter Orange, Sour Oran Read More
Botanical Name: |
Citrus
Aurantium L |
Common name: |
Bitter
Orange, Sour Orange |
Plant
family: |
Rutaceae |
Genus: |
Citrus |
Appearance/Color: |
A pale yellow liquid with thin and clear consistency |
Odor: |
A middle
note with a medium aroma, it has dry top notes. |
Blends With: |
Benzoin, Geranium, Lavender, Jasmine, Ylang-Ylang, Rosemary, and
Sandal Wood. |
Origin: |
Egypt |
Source: |
Flower |
Method
of Extraction: |
Steam
Distillation |
Absolute oils are the essential
oils which are highly concentrated and have high potency. These Concentrated
absolute oils have high aromatic properties thus they are majorly preferred in
cosmetics, perfumery, and aromatherapy. During the postproduction processes
these oils are further concentrated to make their absolute.
Citrus aurantium refers to
the bitter orange fruit. The juice, peel, and pulp can be taken orally. They
have been used to ease anxiety, digestion, and sleeplessness. Citrus
aurantium has also been used to promote weight loss. It can be applied to
the skin or diffused as an oil. Citrus aurantium can also be made into a
tea or taken as a pill, powder, or extract.
It is a valuable medicinal herb,
the orange originated in China and by the middle Ages was a favorite with
Arabian physicians. In the 16th century, an Italian princess named Anna-Marie
de Nerola reputedly discovered oil extracted from the flowers, which she used
to scent her gloves; today neroli oil, as it became known, It is prohibitively
expensive. The Chinese remain the greatest enthusiasts of medicinal oranges:
the bitter Seville orange (C. aurantium) and sweeter tangerines and
satsumas (Citrus reticulata) that are mainly used
The chemical composition of C.
aurantium is responsible for health-promoting effects. The chemical
composition includes vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids.
Among the diverse chemical components in C. aurantium, flavonoids
belonging to phenolics have been recognized as important due to their
physiological and pharmacological role and their health benefits.
Neroli Oil in Pharma
C. aurantium is also
used for the treatment of several ailments such as anxiety, lung and prostate
cancers, and gastrointestinal disorders and obesity. Due to the prohibition
of Ephedra sinica Stapf. in Farw.-containing weight loss products in
the market, C. aurantium has found an important place as a
preferable agent to replace ephedra, as it contains p-synephrine, a
phenylethanolamine type alkaloid, which is chemically similar to adrenergic
agents, as appetite suppressants.
C. aurantium
possesses multiple therapeutic potentials. These biological credentials include
anticancer, antianxiety, antiobesity, antibacterial, antioxidant, pesticidal,
and antidiabetic activities. The essential oil of C. aurantium was
reported to display marked pharmacological effects and great variation in
chemical composition depending on growing locations but mostly contained
limonene, linalool, and ?-myrcene. Phytochemically, C.
aurantium is rich in p-synephrine, an alkaloid, and many
health-giving secondary metabolites such as flavonoids.
Essence of Neroli oil
C. aurantium is
usually utilized as a flavoring and acidifying agent for food. Besides the essential
oil and its components, the fruits of C. aurantium are sources
of flavonoid-type compounds with diverse biological effects. Additionally, it
was reported that flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the plant and the
biogenic amine and flavanone contents have been determined [8, 9]. Due to
the abundance of health-giving secondary metabolites, C. aurantium is
also used for the treatment of several ailments
This
Essential oil is excellent at soothing agitated nerves and is especially
effective at relieving feelings of grief and despair. Plus, you can reduce your
blood pressure and cortisol levels just by smelling this wondrous oil.
COMMON
USAGE
·
Treats
chronic depression
·
Protects
body from infections
·
Keeps
body warm
·
Kills
bacteria
·
Beneficial
as Carminative
·
Acts
as skin care remedy
·
Works
as Cytophylactic
·
Reduces
infections
·
Controls
Spasms
·
Best
as Sedative
·
Can
be consumed as tonic
·
Removes
body odor
·
Moisturizes
skin
·
Promotes
sexual desires
Ingredients:
S.No |
Key Constituents |
Strength (%) |
1 |
(þ)-Limonene |
12.9–17.9 |
2 |
Linalool |
31.4–47.1 |
3 |
b-Pinene |
10.5–13.0 |
4 |
(E)-b-Ocimene |
5.6–7.0 |
5 |
a-Terpineol |
1.1–3.5 |
6 |
Linalyl acetate |
0.6–10.0 |
7 |
(E)-Nerolidol |
2.2–3.4 |
8 |
b-Myrcene |
1.4–3.1 |
9 |
Geranyl acetate |
0.7–3.0 |
10 |
Geraniol |
0.8–2.3 |
11 |
Sabinene |
1.4–2.8 |
12 |
(E,Z)-Farnesol |
0.7–1.6 |
13 |
Neryl acetate |
0.3–1.6 |
14 |
a-Pinene |
0.8–1.1 |
15 |
Terpinen-4-ol |
0.3–1.3 |
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Safety Summary
·
Hazards:
Not known
·
Cautions: Not
known
Organ
Specific Effects
·
Adverse skin reaction: Undiluted neroli oil was not irritating to
rabbit, pig or mouse skin; tested at 4% on 25 volunteers it was neither
irritating nor sensitizing. It is non-phototoxic. In a multicenter study, Germany’s
IVDK reported that 49 of 6,220 dermatitis patients suspected of fragrance
allergy (0.79%) tested positive to 2% neroli oil. Only nine patients had þþ or
þþþ reactions. Two cases of alleged ACD to neroli oil have been reported, but
in neither case was clinical relevance established, and patch testing only
elicitedþreactions. Oxidation products of linalool may be skin sensitizing.
·
Reproductive toxicity: The low reproductive toxicity of linalool,
(þ)-limonene and b-pinene, suggests that neroli oil is not hazardous in
pregnancy.
Systemic Effects
·
Acute
Toxicity: Neroli oil
acute oral LD50 in rats 4.55 g/kg; acute dermal LD50 in rabbits >5 g/kg.
·
Carcinogenic/anti carcinogenic potential: No information was found for neroli oil, but
it contains no known carcinogens. (þ)-Limonene, nerolidol and geraniol display
anti carcinogenic activity.
·
Skin corrosion/irritation: May be
irritating to skin.
·
Serious eye damage/irritation: May be
irritating to eyes. Prompt rinsing and removal of the substance will avoid
damage.
·
Respiratory sensitization: Breathing high
concentrations of vapor may cause anesthetic effects.
ECOLOGICAL
INFORMATION
Toxicity
·
Acute fish toxicity: LC50 / 96 HOUR – No
data available
·
Toxicity to aquatic plants – No data
available
·
Toxicity to microorganisms – No data
available
·
Toxicity threshold – No data available
·
Persistence and degradability:
Biodegradation is expected
·
Bio-accumulative potential:
Bioaccumulation is unlikely
·
Mobility in soil: Unknown
Avoid exposure to marine environments and waterways