EU_Declaration9165.pdf
Botanical Name: Styrax benzoin, Siam benzoin Common name: Sto Read More
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Botanical Name: |
Styrax benzoin, Siam benzoin |
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Common name: |
Storaxbaum, Benzoin |
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Plant family: |
Styracaceae |
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Genus: |
Styrax |
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Appearance/Color: |
This resin is thick brown, viscous liquid. |
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Odor: |
Benzoin oil has a sweet, warm and vanilla-like aroma that is used as a base note with a medium aroma. |
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Blends With: |
Blends with Cardamon, Frankincense, Myrrh, Myrtle, Neroil, orange, petitgrain and sandalwood. |
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Origin |
India |
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Source |
Resin |
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Method of Extraction |
Solvent Extraction |
Absolute oils are the essential oils which are highly concentrated and have high potency. These Concentrated absolute oils have high aromatic properties thus they are majorly preferred in cosmetics, perfumery, and aromatherapy. During the postproduction processes these oils are further concentrated to make their absolute.
The Benzoin tree originates in java, Sumatra and Thailand where it can grow up to 8 meters (20 feet). Deep incisions are made in the trunk of the tree from which the grayish-colored sap exudes. When the resinous lump become hard and brittle, it is collected from the bark. It is then cleaned and processed by solvent extraction to produce the thick, resinous oil. Also known as Gum Benjamin, It is recommended placing the bottle in very hot water bath, changing the water frequently and once it is back to the liquid state, gently agitate before use.
Benzoin was first reported in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Woehler during their research on oil of bitter almond which is benzaldehyde with traces of hydrocyanic acid. The catalytic synthesis by the benzoin condensation was improved by Nikolay Zinin during his time with Liebig.
Benzoin oil has been in use for thousands of years ago instances have been found of its use in some of the oldest civilization of the world, particularly in their religion ceremonies and in their medicines, mainly due to its antidepressant, disinfectant, and aromatic properties.
Benzoin oil in pharma
Benzoin oil is golden-colored, aromatic, thick, resinous oil obtained from the Benzoin tree whose scientific name is styrax benzoin. Its chief components are Benzyl Benzoate, Benzoic Acid, Benzaldehyde, Coniferyl Benzoate, cinnamic acid, and Vanillin. It is antifungal, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and a mild expectorant. It regenerates the skin and is an excellent healing agent.
Essence of Benzoin oil
Benzoin is one of the classic ingredients of increase, and it has been widely used in perfumery. Due to Vanillin it has vanilla flavor like aroma.
COMMON USAGE
· Improves Circulation
· Relieves Anxiety
· Prevents Infections
· Prevents Sepsis
· Improve Digestion
· Removes Bad Odor
· Reduces Skin Wrinkles
· Treats Cough
· Facilities Urination
· Soothes Inflammation
· Relieves Symptoms of Arthritis
· Antifungal
· Anti-spasmodic
· Anti-inflammatory
Ingredients:
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S. No |
Key Constituents |
Strength (%) |
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Sumatra benzoin volatile compounds |
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2 |
Benzyl benzoate |
50.7 |
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3 |
Benzyl alcohol |
43.4 |
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4 |
(Z)-Cinnamyl (E)-Cinnamate |
1.5 |
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5 |
Cinnamic acid |
1.4 |
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6 |
Ethyl Cinnamate |
1.0 |
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7 |
Benzoic acid |
0.1 |
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Siam benzoin volatile compounds |
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9 |
Benzyl benzoate |
39.3 |
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10 |
Benzyl alcohol |
38.8 |
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11 |
Benzoic acid |
18.4 |
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12 |
Ethyl Cinnamate |
0.8 |
Benzoin resinoid is a sticky solid. To render it pourable, it is diluted to 50% in benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, di propylene glycol, or other solvent. Diethyl phthalate is less commonly used today as a diluent due to toxicity concerns. Small amount of benzoic acid, benzyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate and vanillin may be added as odorous adulterants
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Safety summary
· Hazards: Skin sensitization (low risk).
· Caution (dermal): Hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin, children under 2 years of age.
· Maximum adult daily oral dose: 368 mg
· Maximum dermal use level: 2%
Safety advice:
Oral maximum is based on a limit of 5 mg/kg for ‘benzoic acid equivalents’, which constitute up to 95% of benzoin. Our dermal maximum is a best- practice estimate for skin safety.
Organ-specific effects
· Adverse skin reactions: In a modified Draize produce on guinea pigs, benzoin ‘oil’ was skin sensitizing when used at 10%in the challenge phase. Benzoic acid and cinnamic acid have produce some allergy reactions. Benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol are listed in the EU as allergens, but the risk of allergy from either is negligible. In patch tested of 477 dermatitis patients, 45 had a positive reaction to compound tincture of benzoin Of the 45,14 had a strong positive reactions, and 28 had cross-reactions to similar allergens. Up to 80% of patients sensitive to peru balsam reacted positively to siamese benzoin. Since both row materials contain coniferyl benzoate this may be responsible, but it is known to be present in benzoin resinoids.
· Reproductive toxicity: The reproductive toxicity data for benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid do not suggest any restrictions in the use of benzoin in pregnancy beyond those outlined above.
Systematic effects
· Acute toxicity: No information found for benzoin. Benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate possess low acute toxicity.
· Carcinogenic/ anticarcinogenic potential: Gum benzoin was mutagenic in a mouse lymphoma assay, but not in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Gum benzoin produced CA in Chinese hamster lung cells, but was not genotoxic in a mouse micronucleus test on in the S. typhimurium TA135/Psk1002 umu test. It was not carcinogenic when fed to male rats at 125 or 250 ppm, to female rats at 250 or 500 ppm, and the male and female mice at 2,500 0r 5,000 ppm for 104 weeks. The resinoid contains known carcinogens, and the MLA and CHL result ae false positives.
Caution
· Benzene and its derivatives, despite being highly aromatic, are toxic in nature. Therefore, ingestion or inhalation of excessive quantities can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and lack of oxygen in the blood so it should be avoided.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
· Ecotoxicity: very toxic to aquatic environment.
· Bioaccumulation: Bioaccumulation unlikely
· Mobility in soil: No data available
· Persistence and degradability: No data available
· Biodegradation: expected
· PBT and vPvB assessment: No data available
