Rose Absolute Oil

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Botanical Name:	Rosa damascena
Common name:	Cabbage rose, Rose, Gulab
Plant family:	Rosaceae
Genus:	Rosa
Appearance/Color:	Dark orange or light to medium yellowish-green, transparent, slightly viscous liquid.
Odor:	The Rose de mal oil emits a deep sweet rosy fragrance when used.
Blends With:	Other florals, citruses, Benzoin, Clary Sage, Chamomile, Patchouli and Sandalwood.
Origin:	India
Source:	Flower
Method of Extraction:	CO₂ Extraction

Absolute oils are the essential oils which are highly concentrated and have high potency. These Concentrated absolute oils have high aromatic properties thus they are majorly preferred in cosmetics, perfumery, and aromatherapy. During the postproduction processes these oils are further concentrated to make their absolute.

Out of over 200 species of the rose bush and approximately 10,000 more hybrid species of rose, only about six species are used to produce rose oil and rose absolute, with the vast majority being produced from Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia. Other species of rose used to produce rose otto and rose absolute in limited quantities are Rosa rugosa, Rosa alba, Rosa bourbonia and Rosa moschata. These particular rose species exhibit the traditional fragrance commonly associated with the rose plant, while other varieties may exude aromas of fruits, musks, or other flowers (Guenther, E. (1952) The Essential Oils. London: Macmillan). The rose’s familiar fragrance is due to a simple water-soluble alcohol, beta-phenylethanol, and three monoterpenic oil-soluble alcohols, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol. The acetate esters of these alcohols are also rose-scented but of a slightly different fragrance. The clove-scented eugenol and methyl eugenol contribute to the spiciness of the rose’s fragrance. The different concentrations of these chemicals determine the final fragrance, which varies for each species of rose

Rosa centifolia Also known as the cabbage rose or the Rose de Mai, Rosa centifolia possesses a rich, sweet, rosy and tenacious fragrance and is mainly grown in Egypt and Morocco, as well as in the Grasse region of France and in China. This species of rose is frequently used to produce Rose de Mai absolute and is thought to possess a greener, spicier fragrance than the Rosa damascena. The essential oil of Rosa centifolia was is more challenging to distill than the oil of Rosa damascena, most likely because of the increased delicacy of this species’ many-petaled blooms and it is rarely produced.

Rose oil is obtained from the petals of difference Rosa species especially Rosa centifolia L. and Rosa damascena Mill. Various pharmacological properties have been attributed to rose oil. Next to rose oil, rose absolute, rose water and rose concrete are important basic materials in cosmetic industries. For the production of 1 kg of rose oil 3500–4000 kilograms of rose flowers are necessary. Due to its expensive industrial production and also to high importance in the cosmetic industry, rose oil is often called “liquid gold”. The most common chemical compounds present in essential rose oil obtained from R. damascene are citronellol, geraniol, nerol, farnesol and androse oxide, which is a fragrance attributed to rose.

Rose Oil in Pharma

Rose Absolute oil is beneficial for all skin types but is especially valuable for sensitive, dry, inflamed or ageing skin. It has a stimulating, toning, balancing and rejuvenating effect on the complexion. It helps to soothe, moisture and reduce redness and inflammation, and may even help to reduce the appearance of broken or enlarged capillaries, known as thread veins. Rose oil is a powerful antidepressant and is useful for dealing with mental and emotional issues such as stress, anxiety, grief and loss. It is particularly valuable where the issues relate to the female reproductive system e.g. for mood swings and irritability related to PMS, PMT, menopause, and for post-natal depression. Rose is unique in its action on the female reproductive system and sexuality. It can help with irregular or heavy periods, soothe cramps, and may even aid conception by regulating the menstrual cycle. As a powerful aphrodisiac it can also assist with female frigidity and male impotence.

Essence of Rose Oil

Rose is a very popular fragrance in many cosmetics and creams, as well as perfumes, toilet preparations, lozenges, and toothpaste.

Rose essential oil, as well as the other various types of rose extracts, has been widely used in perfumery since ancient times. Because of this long, rich history, accounts vary about where exactly rose oil was first used as a fragrance, but it is widely believed that the first rose oil perfumes originated in Persia (present-day Iran).

Today the fragrance of the rose is still one of the most desired aromas in the perfume industry. Rose oil is a fundamental ingredient in virtually all fine perfumes made by most famous perfumers, including Christian Dior, Givenchy, Lancôme, Bulgari, and Chanel (Omda, source). Because Rosa damascena is renowned for its fine fragrance, this species is the most widely used rose in perfumery.

COMMON USAGE

· Antidepressant,

· Antiphlogistic,

· Antiseptic,

· Antispasmodic,

· Antiviral,

· Aphrodisiac, a

· Stringent,

· Bactericidal,

· Choleretic,

· Cicatrisant,

· Depurative,

· Haemostatic,

· Hepatic,

· Laxative,

· Nervous system sedative,

· Stomachic and a tonic for the heart, liver, stomach and uterus.

Ingredients:

S.No	Key Constituents	Strength (%)
1	2-Phenylethanol	64.8-73
2	(-)-Citronellol	8.8-12
3	Alkanes & alkenes	1.1-8.5
4	Geraniol	4.9-6.4
5	Eugenol	0.7-2.8
6	(E,E)-Farnesol	0.5-1.3
7	Terpinen-4-ol	0.1
8	Methyl-eugenol	0-0.8

TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Safety Summary

· Hazards: None known, but a dermal maximum use level of 2.5% is recommended due to the presence of methyleugenol, otherwise has GRAS status (Generally Recognized as Safe). The 0.6% dermal maximum is based on a 3.3% methyleugenol content, however, the actual methyleugenol percentages for each of our Rose offerings are considerably lower. Dilute before using. A patch test should be performed before use for those with sensitive skin.

· Contraindications Should not be taken in oral doses.

Organ Specific Effects

· Adverse skin reactions: May cause an allergic reaction by skin contact if used in high concentration.

· Cardiovascular effects: Not Known

Systemic Effects

· Acute toxicity: No information found.

· Carcinogenic: Not Known

· Serious eye damage / irritation No additional Data available.

· Respiratory or skin sensitization No additional data available.

· Germ Cell Mutagenicity No additional data available.

· Reproductive toxicity No additional data available.

· STOT-single exposure No additional data available.