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Botanical Name:	Citrus bergamia
Common name:	citrus aurantium subsp. Bergamia risso and poit
Plant family:	Rutaceae
Genus:	Citrus
Appearance/Color:	A thin, light yellowish green to yellowish brown liquid.
Odor:	The aroma is basically citrus, yet fruity and sweet with a warm spicy floral quality, and is reminiscent of Neroli, giving a middle note of medium strength.
Blends With:	Blends with Black pepper, clary sage, cypress, frankincense, Geranium, Jasmine, Mandarin, Nutmeg, orange, Rosemary, sandalwood, vetiver and Ylang-Ylang.
Origin	Italy

The bergamot tree can grow up to four meters high, with star-shaped flowers, and smooth leaves, bearing citrus fruits resembling a cross between an orange and a grapefruit but in a pear-shaped. The fruits ripen from green to yellow. The name bergamot is derived from the city Bergamo in Lombardy were the oil was first sold.

Citrus bergamot is commercially grown in southern Calabria, southern Italy. It is also grown in southern France and in cote d’lvoire for the essential oil and in Antalya in southern Turkey for its marmalade. The fruit is not generally grown for juice consumption. However, in Mauritius where it is grown on small-scale basis, it is largely used for juice consumption by the locals.

Disclaimer

The complete range of conditions or methods of use are beyond our control therefore we do not assume any responsibility and expressly disclaim any liability for any use of this product. Information contained herein is believed to be true and accurate however, all statements or suggestions are made without warranty, expressed or implied, regarding accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and local regulations remains the responsibility of the user.
The FDA has not evaluated the statements on this website. No claims are made by Venkatramna Industries as to the medicinal value of any products from vriaroma.com or by us. The information presented here is for educating our customers about the traditional uses of essential oils and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. You are responsible for understanding the safe application of these products. If you have any questions, please call or email us for further information.
As per NAHA guidelines, New Directions Aromatics (NDA) does not recommend the ingestion of essential oils. It is imperative to consult a medical practitioner before using Essential Oils for therapeutic purposes. Pregnant and nursing women and those taking prescription drugs are especially advised not to use this product without the medical advice of a physician. The oil should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7.

Its ability to uplift moods or give an energy boost and reliving stress and antibacterial, analgesic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, and Soothing effects.

Bergamot Calabrian essential oil in pharma

May help to ease congestion, coughs and colds, and some infections. Also, can aid digestive system. When diluted in a carrier oil, it may be beneficial for oily skin and acne prone skin, minor skin irritations like eczema and psoriasis, cold sores, as well as minor wounds like cuts, scratches and abrasions.

Essence of Bergamot Calabrian essential oil

Refreshing and uplifting it may assist in relieving depression, nervous tension, stress and anxiety, and insomnia.

Used for concentration, motivation, general well-being and happiness.

COMMON USAGE

· Improve Blood Circulation

· Prevent Infections Reduces Pain

· Reduces Pain

· Relaxant and sedative

· Aids in Digestion

· Skin Care

· Eliminates Bad Odor

· Reduces Fever

· Speeds-up Wound Healing

· Relieves Spasms

· Kills Germs

Ingredients:

S.No	Key Constituents	Strength (%)
1	(p)-Limonene	27.4-52.0
2	Linalyl acetate	17.1-40.4
3	Linalool	1.7-20.6
4	Sabinene	0.8-12.8
5	g-Terpinene	5.0-11.4
6	b-Pinene	4.4-11.0
7	a-Pinene	0.7-2.2
8	b-Myrcene	0.6-1.8
9	Neryl acetate	0.1-1.2
10	Non-volatile compounds
11	Bergamottin	0.68-2.65
12	5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin	0.08-0.68
13	Citropten	0.01-0.35
14	Bergapten	0.11-0.33
15	Bergaptol	0-0.19
16	5-Methoxy-7-geranoxycoumarin	0.04-0.15
17	Psoralen	0-0.0026

Organic bergamot essential oil has phototoxic properties and exposure to the sun must be avoided after application to the skin. Due to the presence of bergapten in this oil, please consult a physician prior to using it. Dilute will before using; may cause skin irritation in some individuals; a skin test is recommended prior to use. Contact with eyes should be avoided.

TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Safety summary

· Hazards: Phototoxic (moderate risk); may be photocarcinogenic.

· Contraindications (dermal): If applied to the skin at over maximum use level, skin must not be exposed to sunlight or sunbed rays for 12 hours.

· Cautions: Old or oxidized oils should be avoided.

· Maximum dermal use level 0.4% to avoid phototoxicity.

Because of its limonene content, oxidation of bergamot oil should be avoided by storage in a dark, airtight container in a refrigerator. The addition of an antioxidant to preparations containing it is recommended.

Regulatory guidelines

Has GRAS status. IFRA recommends that, for application to areas of skin exposed to sunshine, bergamot oil be limited to a maximum of 0.4% in the final product, except for bath preparations, soaps and other wash-off products. In Europe, essential oils containing furanocoumarins must be used so that the total level of bergapten will not exceed.

Organ-specific effects

· Adverse skin reactions: No irritation was observed when 2% bergamot oil was patch tested in 1,200 dermatitis patients. In a 48-hour occlusive patch test on 50 Italian volunteers, the highest concentration of bergamot oil producing no adverse reaction was 30%. When similarly tested at 10%, it produced three reactions in 590 eczema patients. Tested at 30% on 25 volunteers, bergamot oil was not sensitizing. Of 1,200 dermatitis patients patch tested, two were sensitive to 2% bergamot oil. In a study of 200 consecutive dermatitis patients, three were sensitive to 2% bergamot oil on patch testing. Autoxidation products of (þ)-limonene can cause skin sensitization.

Systemic effects

· Acute toxicity: No information found for unrectified bergamot oil, though rectified bergamot oil is distinctly nontoxic.

· Carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic potential: Bergamot oil was not mutagenic in either a Bacillus subtilis rec-assay or an Ames test. Bergamot terpenes induced glutathione S-transferase activity to more than 2.5 times control level in mouse tissues. Bergamot oil is cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells. Bergamot oil inhibited formation of the carcinogen NDMA in vitro by more than 70%. (þ)-Limonene displays anticarcinogenic activity.

There is a need to raise public awareness to the phototoxic dangers of bergamot oil by adequate labeling and additional information. Assuming a maximum bergapten content of 0.33%, and to comply with the 15 ppm (0.0015%) SCCNFP guideline for bergapten, expressed bergamot oil should not be used at more than 0.45%, which correlates with the IFRA recommended maximum use level of 0.4%. A treated oil, sometimes rectified by distillation, is obtainable as bergapten-free